the scope of substantial defense in civil procedural law

plaintiff in civil litigation from the beginning which deals with petition to theend of litigation which the judge sets out a verdict, to reach his wasted or deniedright and to stabilize it, should comply with rules of proceeding and state matter offact and matters of law and prove the claim. therefor he must propose four issuesand prove them to reach the relief sought: 1.formal rules of procedure 2.matter offact 3.evidence 4.matter of law. the defendant defends, against the four issuesmentioned, to prevent formation of proceeding and rebut the plaintiff’s claim toprevent a conviction on the subject of the claim. generally response of defendantdivides to procedural and substantive defenses . therefore it’s necessary toanalyze the scope of defenses and especially substantive defenses which are thispaper’s subject. considering the issues mentioned, different method and groundsof defense, it could be said that substantive defense which occurs after enteringinto merit of the litigation, consists of defense against matters of law and fact andevidences.